Novel Insights into the Predictors of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Development of a Predicting Model

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of included patients with CCS according to the presence of OSAS.

	CCS patients with no or mild OSAS ()	CCS patients with moderate to severe OSAS ()
Male (%)	160 (67.8)	214 (73.5)	2.086	0.149
Age (years)			0.640	0.522
Hypertension (%)	173 (73.3)	249 (85.6)	12.281	<0.001
Diabetes mellitus (%)	58 (24.6)	106 (36.4)	8.537	0.003
Impaired glucose tolerance (%)	16 (6.8)	52 (17.9)	14.261	<0.001
Current smoking (%)	102 (43.2)	133 (45.7)	0.325	0.568
Duration of smoking (years)	20.00 (15.00, 30.00)	20.00 (13.00, 30.00)	0.713	0.476
Current smoking cigarettes per day	20.00 (10.00, 20.00)	20.00 (5.00, 20.00)	1.678	0.093
Drinking (%)			3.453	0.178
Never drinking	141 (59.7)	162 (55.7)
Former drinking	73 (30.9)	110 (37.8)
Current drinking	22 (9.3)	19 (6.5)
Family history of CAD (%)	36 (15.3)	42 (14.4)	0.070	0.792
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (%)	110 (46.6)	196 (67.4)	23.029	<0.001
Creatinine (mmol/L)			0.138	0.890
Uric acid (mmol/L)			2.625	0.009
Serum glucose (mmol/L)			1.386	0.166
HbA1c %			2.898	0.004
HDL-C (mmol/L)			2.118	0.035
LDL-C (mmol/L)			5.749	<0.001
VLDL -C (mmol/L)	0.67 (0.45, 0.93)	0.62 (0.46, 0.87)	0.981	0.326
TC (mmol/L)			2.500	0.013
TG (mmol/L)	1.57 (1.13, 2.25)	1.64 (1.18, 2.34)	1.140	0.254
ApoA1 (g/L)			1.909	0.057
ApoB (g/L)			1.494	0.136
Lp (a) (g/L)	148.58 (65.58, 301.88)	126.23 (56.90, 270.22)	1.259	0.208
Fibrinogen (g/L)			0.984	0.326
White blood cell count (10^9/L)			0.936	0.350
NLR	1.81 (1.46, 2.39)	2.05 (1.57, 2.61)	3.047	0.002
PLR	82.27 (17.29, 124.17)	99.06 (59.64, 132.12)	2.532	0.011
Hs-CRP (mg/L)	1.04 (0.59, 2.52)	1.00 (0.57, 3.10)	0.136	0.892
NT-pro BNP (pg/ml)	79.25 (32.10, 110.10)	81.78 (33.70, 145.90)	0.826	0.409
LVEF %			0.586	0.558
LVEDD (mm)			0.036	0.972
BMI (kg/m^2)			5.872	<0.001
Neck circumference (cm)			5.655	<0.001
SDNN	126.00 (108.00, 149.00)	121.00 (98.00, 150.00)	1.918	0.055
SDANN	102.50 (88.00, 123.75)	98.00 (80.00, 120.00)	2.236	0.035
PNN50	8.00 (4.00, 15.00)	9.00 (4.00, 17.00)	1.447	0.148
RMSSD	71.00 (36.00, 138.50)	80.00 (40.00, 145.00)	1.062	0.288
Average heart rate (beats/min)			1.977	0.049

OSAS: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; CSC: chronic coronary syndromes; CAD: coronary artery disease; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; VLDL-C: very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Apo-AI: apolipoprotein A1; Apo-B: apolipoprotein B; Lp (a): lipoprotein (a); LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction (%); LVEDD: left ventricular end diastolic diameter; BMI: body mass index; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; NLR: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; PLR: platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP); SDNN: standard deviation of all normal sinus RR intervals; RMSSD: root mean square successive difference; SDANN: standard deviation average of NN intervals; PNN50: percentage of the number of times that the difference between adjacent normal RR intervals >50 ms over the total number of NN intervals.