| | Phytochemical constituents | Bioactive potential | Reference |
| | Total polyphenolic compounds | Antioxidant; cardioprotective; neuroprotective; and antihyperglycemic | [8, 22, 39, 40, 41, 42] | | Flavonoids | Antioxidant; antiaging; anti-inflammatory; antifungal; immunomodulatory; cardioprotective; antiviral; antimicrobian; antibacterial; and antiparasitic | [8, 22, 34, 40, 43] | | Saponins | Antitumor; antioxidative; anti-inflammatory; antidiabetic; and neuroprotective | [8, 22, 35, 40, 44] | | Alkaloids | Antiadipogenic; antihyperglycemic; and antioxidant | [8, 22, 39, 42, 45] | | Anthocyanins | Protective against cardiovascular diseases; cancers; neurodegenerative disorders; and aging-associated bone loss | [34, 46, 47] | | Coumarins | Antioxidants; antitumor | [8, 22, 35, 48] | | Tannins/gallic-tannins | Antiulcerative; anti-inflammatory; antioxidant; antidiabetic; anticancer; and cardioprotective | [8, 39, 40, 49, 50] | | Steroids | — | [22, 34]. | | Diterpenes | Antiobesogenic; antihyperlipidemic; and anticarcinogenic | [51, 52, 22] | | Phytosterol | Antihyperlipidemic; anticancer; antiapoptotic; cardioprotective; and anti-inflammatory | [8, 40, 53] | | Quinones | — | [8] | | Terpenoids | Anti-inflammatory; antitumor; and antiparasitic | [8] | | Anthraquinones | Diuretic; antibacterial; antiulcer; anti-inflammatory; anticancer; and antinociceptive | [8, 54] | | Pregnane glycosides | Antidiabetic; antiobesity; antinociceptive; antiulcer; anti-inflammatory; antiarthritis; and wound healing activities | [31, 55–58] | | Pregnane steroids | — | [31] | | Trigonelline | Anti-inflammatory; antioxidant; antipathogenic; and antiaging | [55, 59] | | Glycosides | — | [60] |
|
|
