Delving the Role of Caralluma fimbriata: An Edible Wild Plant to Mitigate the Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome

Table 4

Different bioactive compounds of C. fimbriata against MS.

Target health problem	Bioactive compound	Mechanism of action	Reference
Diabetes mellitus	Pregnane glycoside	The hypoglycemic action is mainly due to the lowering of intestinal glucose absorption or stimulating pancreatic insulin production	[58]
	Quercetin	Stimulate the glucose uptake resulted in the translocation of glucose transporter 4; Reduced the production of sugars by downregulating the key gluconeogenesis enzymes	[82]
	Rutin	Improves insulin secretions; Restore glycogen content; Inhibit the formation of the advanced glycation end product	[83]
	Saponin	Induces insulin production; Oxidative stress amelioration	[83]
Hyperlipidemia	Flavonoids	Exhibit inhibitory effect against pancreatic lipase	[26]
	Quercetin	Able to inhibit lipid peroxidation; Decreased the production of reactive oxygen species and act as an anti-inflammatory; Inhibit the production of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase which are induced by inflammation	[82]
Hypertension	Flavonoids	Able to modulate blood pressure by restoring the endothelial function or by affecting nitric oxide levels	[84]
Obesity	Pregnane glycoside	Aids in fat burning and hunger suppression; Works by inhibiting the citrate lyase enzyme and stops the body to produce fat; Inhibit malonyl-CoA and block fat synthesis and helps in burning of stored fat resulting in weight loss	[85]
	Quercetin	Decrease the action of an enzyme related to adipogenesis; Downregulate the apoptosis while upregulating substrate acetyl-CoA carboxylase	[82]