tRNA-Derived Fragment tRF-5009A Regulates Autophagy and Degeneration of Cartilage in Osteoarthritis via Targeting mTOR

Figure 1

The structure of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and principal categorization of tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs). tRFs are produced via tRNA anticodon loop cleavage under stress conditions. tRFs are divided into 5 subtypes, tRF-1, tRF-2, tRF-3, tRF-5, and i-tRF. tRF-1 results from pre-tRNAs processed by RNase Z, whereas tRF-2, tRF-3, tRF-5, and i-tRF are produced from mature tRNAs processed by Dicer, angiogenin (ANG), or other RNases at various sites.