Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Ameliorates Cellular Senescence and Inflammation Caused by Sodium Iodate in RPE

Figure 4

(a–d) ARPE-19 cells were treated with 1 and 2.5 mM NaIO₃ for 48 h. (a) Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in ARPE-19 cells was demonstrated by JC-1 staining, and the results were obtained by fluorescent microscopy. The red-to-green fluorescence intensity was used to quantitatively evaluate the mitochondrial potential; (). (b) Cellular ATP levels in ARPE-19 cells (). (c) NAD⁺ levels in ARPE-19 cells (). (d) Expression of AMPKα and p-AMPKα proteins in ARPE-19 cells. (e) Immunofluorescence assay of mitochondrial outer membrane marker Tom20 was performed by confocal microscope. Cells were treated with 1 mM NaIO₃ for 48 hr; () The mitochondrial branches length were measured by ImageJ. Data represent of at least three independent experiments, , , , , compared versus control.

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