A New Perspective on the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease and Sleep Deprivation-Related Consequences: Can Curcumin Help?

Table 1

Summary of in vivo and in vitro studies in recent years.

Model	Duration of treatment	Dose	Effect	Reference
Amyloid β-peptide (1-42) induced rats	7 days	100 and (200 mg/kg, i.p. of curcumin	Curcumin treatment weakened cognitive impairments and an increase in BDNF levels in the hippocampus caused by AP1-42	[158]
APPswe/PS1dE9 double transgenic mice	6 months	500 ppm	Although FMeC1 (curcumin derivative) significantly reduced the cell toxicity of Aβ, both curcumin and FMeC1 extenuated the occurrence of Aβ aggregates	[159]
Intracerebroventricular (ICV) streptozotocin-induced rats	3 months	Curcumin (80 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and erythropoietin (500 IU/kg, i.p.)	Single curcumin supplementation could heal cognitive deficiency and reverse biochemical alterations	[160]
18-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats	60 days	(100 mg/kg/day, p.o.)	Curcumin enhanced memory and increased dendritic spine density and length in certain brain districts	[161]
Middle-aged adult (male/female) rhesus monkeys	8 months	500 mg per day dietary curcumin	Curcumin enhanced performance in repeated implementation of spatial working memory task	[162]
6-Hydroxy dopamine-induced Wistar rat	21 days	25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o.	Curcumin inhibited behavioral, neuroinflammatory, and neurochemical alterations and prevent the nigrostriatum’s antioxidant potency	[163]
Memory deficit p25 transgenic mouse	12 weeks	Curcumin formulation, Longvida 0.8 g curcumin/kg	Curcumin intermediated suppression of neuroinflammation, attenuated the progression of p25-stimulated tau/amyloid pathology, and in order improved the p25-induced cognitive disorders	[164]
HT22 murine hippocampal neuronal cells exposed to acrolein	30 min	5 μg/mL	Prevented AD-like pathologies, increased GSH and SOD, and attenuated MDA, A-disintegrin, metalloprotease, and also amyloid precursor protein, β-secretase, and receptor for advanced glycation end products modulating the BDNF/TrkB signaling	[165]
APPsw transgenic mice	6 months	Low dose 160 ppm, high dose 5000 ppm	160 ppm-dosed curcumin reduced CD33 and increased TREM2 expression and also augmented TyroBP, which controls AD-related neuroinflammatory gene network, besides CD68 and Arg1 phagocytosis markers	[166]
B6C3-Tg (APPswePSEN1dE9)/Nju double transgenic mice	3 months	Berberine: 100 mg/kg/day, curcumin: 200 mg/kg/day	The combined use of berberine and curcumin reduced the production of soluble amyloid-β-peptide (1–42) by showing synergistic effect. Decreased inflammatory responses and significant synergistic effects on oxidative stress were also observed in both the cortex and hippocampus of transgenic mice	[167]