Effects of Dietary Chlorogenic Acid Supplementation Derived from Lonicera macranthoides Hand-Mazz on Growth Performance, Free Amino Acid Profile, and Muscle Protein Synthesis in a Finishing Pig Model

Table 4

Free amino acids in the serum of finishing pigs with different levels of dietary CGA supplementation.

Items (μg/mL)	Control	0.02%	0.04%	0.08%	SEM	value
Essential amino acids (EAAs)
Arginine	67.56^b	214.40^a	251.43^a	216.40^a	17.29	< 0.01
Histidine	33.45^b	92.06^a	92.13^a	97.80^a	6.81	< 0.01
Isoleucine	51.31^b	137.69^a	148.36^a	126.04^a	9.31	< 0.01
Leucine	75.89^b	251.26^a	268.44^a	239.34^a	19.11	< 0.01
Lysine	97.69^b	284.82^a	302.17^a	255.35^a	21.28	< 0.01
Methionine	15.78^b	50.84^a	51.26^a	46.30^a	3.78	< 0.01
Phenylalanine	48.57^b	130.07^a	137.23^a	125.71^a	8.97	< 0.01
Threonine	58.66^b	189.56^a	172.29^a	182.92^a	13.11	< 0.01
Valine	140.54^b	447.42^a	455.37^a	394.01^a	34.02	< 0.01
EAAs^1	562.60^b	1782.80^a	1758.70^a	1683.90^a	129.54	< 0.01
Nonessential amino acids (NEAAs)
Alanine	199.55^c	708.80^ab	561.97^b	832.59^a	61.36	< 0.01
Asparagine	26.15^b	65.84^a	83.21^a	62.09^a	6.24	< 0.01
Cysteine	6.34^b	39.20^a	43.36^a	47.40^a	6.02	< 0.01
Glutamine	157.97^b	291.36^ab	371.43^a	428.93^a	33.40	< 0.01
Glycine	276.10^b	854.50^a	937.10^a	1017.70^a	74.37	< 0.01
Serine	37.30^b	117.70^a	112.07^a	124.71^a	9.85	< 0.01
Tyrosine	37.61^b	107.23^a	98.47^a	94.30^a	6.82	< 0.01
Proline	73.57^b	217.48^a	202.59^a	199.95^a	14.78	< 0.01
NEAAs^2	792.91^c	2307.78^ab	2145.43^b	2752.84^a	176.17	< 0.01
TAAs^3	1573.82^b	4090.58^a	3904.16^a	4436.72^a	267.08	< 0.01

¹EAAs: essential amino acids, including arginine (Arg), histidine (His), isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), lysine (Lys), methionine (Met), phenylalanine (Phe), threonine (Thr), and valine (Val). ²NEAAs: nonessential amino acids, including alanine (Ala), asparagine (Asp), cysteine (Cys), glutamine (Glu), glycine (Gly), serine (Ser), tyrosine (Tyr), and proline (Pro). ³TAAs: total amino acids. ^a,b,cValues in the same row with different superscript letters are significantly different at .