Diet-Derived Circulating Antioxidants and Risk of Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Table 2

Two-sample Mendelian randomization estimations showing the effects of diet-derived antioxidants on the risk of stroke.

Outcomes	Exposures	Inverse-variance weighted		Weighted median		MR-Egger		MR-RAPS
		OR (95% CI)	value	OR (95% CI)	value	OR (95% CI)	value	OR (95% CI)	value
Stroke	Vit. C (ascorbate)	0.98 (0.82-1.16)		0.88 (0.78-1.00)		0.87 (0.48-1.59)		0.93 (0.81-1.06)
	Vit. E (α-tocopherol)	1.01 (0.62-1.64)		0.80 (0.46-1.38)		0.62 (0.10-3.70)		0.99 (0.59-1.66)
	Vit. E (γ-tocopherol)	0.68 (0.52-0.88)		0.68 (0.48-0.96)		0.80 (0.21-3.03)		0.66 (0.50-0.87)
	Carotene	0.94 (0.76-1.18)		1.02 (0.78-1.32)		1.02 (0.63-1.67)		0.94 (0.76-1.17)
	Vit. A (retinol)	0.90 (0.71-1.14)		0.86 (0.63-1.16)		1.22 (0.63-2.37)		0.87 (0.69-1.11)
	Zinc	0.99 (0.96-1.03)		0.99 (0.95-1.04)		0.90 (0.80-1.01)		1.00 (0.96-1.03)
	Selenium	0.99 (0.95-1.03)		0.99 (0.95-1.04)		1.02 (0.93-1.11)		0.99 (0.95-1.03)
Ischemic stroke	Vit. C (ascorbate)	0.99 (0.82-1.20)		0.91 (0.79-1.05)		0.88 (0.45-1.71)		0.95 (0.81-1.11)
	Vit. E (α-tocopherol)	1.07 (0.68-1.69)		0.88 (0.50-1.54)		0.85 (0.15-4.77)		1.07 (0.64-1.78)
	Vit. E (γ-tocopherol)	0.66 (0.51-0.86)		0.67 (0.46-0.98)		0.67 (0.19-2.45)		0.65 (0.48-0.87)
	Carotene	0.89 (0.73-1.09)		0.92 (0.70-1.20)		0.97 (0.61-1.54)		0.88 (0.72-1.07)
	Vit. A (retinol)	0.88 (0.67-1.15)		0.86 (0.61-1.20)		1.14 (0.52-2.49)		0.85 (0.66-1.09)
	Zinc	0.99 (0.95-1.02)		0.99 (0.94-1.04)		0.88 (0.78-1.00)		0.99 (0.95-1.03)
	Selenium	0.99 (0.95-1.03)		0.99 (0.94-1.04)		1.00 (0.91-1.11)		0.99 (0.95-1.03)

values in bold indicate they achieved the nominal significance (). Vit.: vitamin; MR: Mendelian randomization; CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio.