Inhibition of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Alleviates Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Modulating Macrophage Polarization

Figure 2

BTK inhibition attenuated MCT-induced PAH, pulmonary vascular remodeling, collagen deposition, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. (a, b) Measurement of the RVSP and [] in each treatment group. (c) Representative histological images of H&E staining, EVG staining, immunohistochemistry for α-SMA, and Masson trichrome staining (MTS) in pulmonary arteries (external diameter, 25–100 μm). (d) Quantifications of medial wall thickness of pulmonary arteries in different groups. (e) Quantification of pulmonary vascular muscularization determined by α-SMA staining. Nonmuscularized vessels (Non), partially muscularized vessels (Partially), and fully muscularized vessels (Fully) were analyzed. (f) Pulmonary vascular fibrosis in each treatment group calculated by Masson trichrome staining ( for each group). (g) Representative images and analysis of blotting for VE-cadherin, α-SMA, and Vimentin in rat lung tissues (). Data are presented as . vs. control; ^# vs. MCT.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)