Review Article
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Aging-Related Diseases
Table 1
EVs and their cargoes as biomarkers of aging-related diseases.
| Disease | Nanovesicle | Source of EVs | Biomarkers | Refs. |
| AD | NDEs | Human blood | GAP43, neurogranin, SNAP25 and synaptophysin 1↓ | [34] | Exosomes | Human serum | Gelsolin↓ | [40] | NDEVs | Human plasma | Aβ42, p181-tau, and MMP-9↑ | [41] | EVs | Human plasma | The size of EVs↑ The number of EVs↓ | [42] | NEVs | Mouse plasma | t-tau, p181-tau, and Aβ42↑ | [43] | NEVs | Human serum | p181-tau, p231-tau, and annual rate of change in insulin signaling biomarkers↑ | [39, 44] | NDEs | Human plasma | Aβ1-42↑ SS-16 scores↓ | [45] | Hypertension | Exosomes | Urine | PTC-EMPs↑ | [53] | EVs | Urine | p16+ EVs↑ | [54] | Exosomes | Urine | miR-192-5p and miR-204-5p↓ | [55] | T2DM | EVs | Human plasma | IGHG-1, miR-324-5p, miR-376c-3p, and miR-374b-5p↓ ITIH2 protein, serum ferritin, miR-141-3p, and miR-26b-5p↑ | [56] | DN | Exosomes | Urine | miR-4534↑ | [57] | DR | EVs | Human serum | miR-431-5p↑ | [58] | EVs | Human plasma | miR-150-5p↓ miR-21-3p, and miR-30b-5p↑ | [59, 60] | Small EVs | Human plasma | TNFAIP8↑ | [61] |
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Abbreviations: NEVs: neuronal extracellular vesicles; NDEVs: neuronally derived extracellular vesicles; NDEs: neuronal-derived exosomes; IGHG-1: immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1; ITIH2 protein: interalpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2 protein; TNFAIP8: tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8.
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