Small Noncoding RNAs Contribute to Sperm Oxidative Stress-Induced Programming of Behavioral and Metabolic Phenotypes in Offspring

Figure 5

The hepatic gene expression in male offspring generated from sperm 29-34 nt RNA injection. (a) Expression levels of genes affected by sperm 29-34 nt RNA injection visualized by heat map in liver samples of F1 male offspring. (b) The top ten significant clusters of gene ontology (KEGG) terms enriched in liver samples of F1 male offspring determined by GSEA and clustered under parent terms were related to synaptic signaling (, and ). (c) The relative expression levels of gluconeogenic genes PEPCK and G6Pase in the liver of F1 male mice. (d) The relative expression levels of lipolytic genes HSL, LPL, and ATGL in the liver of F1 male mice. mice per group. All data are plotted as , and each dot represents one mouse. (e) Protein-protein interaction networks of DEGs in the partially top 20 enriched KEGG pathways related to metabolism.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)