α-Lipoic Acid Strengthens the Antioxidant Barrier and Reduces Oxidative, Nitrosative, and Glycative Damage, as well as Inhibits Inflammation and Apoptosis in the Hypothalamus but Not in the Cerebral Cortex of Insulin-Resistant Rats

Figure 2

Effect of ALA supplementation on brain enzymatic antioxidant activity (CAT, GPx, GR, and SOD). Values are , . Differences statistically significant at: , , , and . CAT: catalase; CD ALA-: control animals not supplemented with ALA; CD ALA+: control animals supplemented with ALA; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; GR: glutathione reductase; HFD ALA-: high-fat diet-fed animals not supplemented with ALA; HFD ALA+: high-fat diet-fed animals supplemented with ALA; SOD: superoxide dismutase-1.