[Retracted] Watery Rose Apple: A Comprehensive Review of Its Traditional Uses, Nutritional Value, Phytochemistry, and Therapeutic Merits against Inflammation-Related Disorders

Table 4

Biological activities of the isolated compounds from S. aqueum.

Compound name	Bioactivity	Methods	Results	Ref.
Leaves
Myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside	Antioxidant activity	DPPH	in comparison to ascorbic acid 2.94 μg/mL	[21]
		FRAP	in comparison to quercetin 23.18 μg/mL
	Antidiabetic activity	α-Glucosidase inhibition		[9]
		α-Amylase inhibition
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde		α-Glucosidase inhibition		[9]
		α-Amylase inhibition
Europetin-3-O-rhamnoside		α-Glucosidase inhibition		[9]
		α-Amylase inhibition
Myrigalone G		α-Glucosidase inhibition		[9]
		α-Amylase inhibition
Myrigalone B		α-Glucosidase inhibition		[9]
		α-Amylase inhibition
Phloretin		α-Glucosidase inhibition		[21]
		α-Amylase inhibition
2,4-Dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,5 dimethylchalcone	Anticancer activity	MCF-7	IC50 = 270 μM (24 h) and 250 μM (48 h)	[53]
	Apoptosis	Activation of PARP protein	IC50 = 250 μM	[53]
	Antiproliferative effect	Jurkat cell lines	after 24 h treatment	[54]
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, myricetin 3-O-rhamnoside, europetin 3-O-rhamnoside, phloretin, myrigalone G and B	Antiproliferative effect	Complete 3T3-L1 cells	The compounds have enhanced adipogenesis, stimulated 2-NBDG uptake, and increased adiponectin secretion	[12]
2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxyl 3,5-dimethylchalcone	Antiproliferative activity	MCF-7	, promoted apoptosis via the activation of PARP	[53, 55]
Stem bark
Butyrospermol	Cytotoxicity	HeLa		[37]
		T47D
		A459
Sitosterone	Cytotoxicity	HeLa	—	[37]
		T47D	—
		A459