Quercetin Protects against MPP⁺/MPTP-Induced Dopaminergic Neuron Death in Parkinson’s Disease by Inhibiting Ferroptosis

Figure 4

QCT alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction in MPP⁺-treated PC12 cells. (a, b) Mitochondrial membrane potential was assayed by flow cytometry using Rhodamine 123 (). (c, d) Mitochondrial mass was assayed by flow cytometry using MitoTracker Green (). (e, f) Mitochondrial ROS was assayed by flow cytometry using MitoSOX Red (). (G) Intracellular ATP levels in PC12 cells treated with or without QCT (10 μM, 1 h), followed by MPP⁺ (0.5 mM, 24 h) treatment, were assayed by the ATP Assay Kit (). (h) Representative transmission electron microscopy images for PC12 cells treated with or without QCT (10 μM, 1 h), followed by MPP⁺(0.5 mM, 24 h) treatment. Red arrows indicate shrunken mitochondria. Scale bars as indicated. Data are presented as the . One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. , , and .

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