TXNIP: A Double-Edged Sword in Disease and Therapeutic Outlook

Figure 1

The core pathway of TXNIP. TXNIP: thioredoxin-interacting protein; PRAP1: poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; ASK-1: apoptotic signal-regulated kinase 1; TRX1: thioredoxin 1; TXR2: thioredoxin 2; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor family protein 3; pro-caspase-1: pro-cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1; ASC: apoptosis-associated speck-like protein.