TXNIP: A Double-Edged Sword in Disease and Therapeutic Outlook

Figure 4

The main mechanism of TXNIP in cancer. TXNIP: thioredoxin-interacting protein; TRAF6: TNF receptor-related factor 6; GLS1: glutaminase 1; HDAC1: histone deacetylase 1; UHRF1: ubiquitin-like PHD and ring finger domain 1; FBWT7: F-box and WD repeat domain 7; Grapgef5: circRNA rapef5; HBx: hepatitis B virus X; Ct-HBx: C-terminal truncated X protein; NF-κB: NF downstream of pattern recognition receptor-κB; NFACT2: nuclear factor of activated T cells 2; HIF1α: hypoxia-inducible factor 1α; NaBu: sodium butyrate; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase.