Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide Improves Neuroinflammation in Mice with Repeated Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through the Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Response and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Figure 1

Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) alleviated learning and memory deficiency and the pathologic changes in hippocampal CA1 region at 4 weeks after RCIR. (a) Escape latency changes in different groups from day 1 to day 5. (b) Swimming speed for reaching the hidden platform during 5 days in hidden platform trial. (c) Changes in the time spent in the target quadrant (%) on day 6. in each group. (d) Representative images of hematoxylin-eosin staining in the hippocampal CA1 region (400×). . in each group. (e) The ultrastructure of neurons in hippocampal CA1 regions was observed by transmission electron microscopy. . or 4 in each group. , , the RCIR group vs. the sham group; ^#, ^##, ^###, the NBP80 group or NBP120 group vs. the RCIR group; ^$, ^$$, the NBP80 group vs. NBP120 group. Values are expressed as the .

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