Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide Improves Neuroinflammation in Mice with Repeated Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through the Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Response and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Figure 3

NBP inhibited oxidative stress injury and triggered nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and upregulated its downregulated genes. Effects of NBP on (a) SOD activity, (b) MDA content ( in each group); and (c) 8-iso PGF2α level ( in each group) after RCIR injury. (d)–(g) Representative immunoblots and densitometry analysis of nuclear-Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 in the hippocampus in four groups. (h)–(n) The mRNA levels of the Nrf2 and Nrf2 target genes in the hippocampus were evaluated. in each group. (o) Localization of Nrf2 was performed by immunofluorescence staining in hippocampus 4 weeks after NBP treatment. Immunofluorescence labeling of Nrf2 (green) and nuclei was stained with DAPI (blue). The merged images showed the nuclear location of Nrf2 protein (400×, ). in each group. , , , the RCIR group vs. the sham group; ^#, ^##, ^###, the NBP80 group or the NBP120 group vs. the RCIR group; ^$, ^$$, the NBP80 group vs. NBP120 group. Values are expressed as the .

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)

(k)

(l)

(m)

(n)

(o)