Low-Temperature Plasma-Activated Medium Inhibited Proliferation and Progression of Lung Cancer by Targeting the PI3K/Akt and MAPK Pathways

Figure 5

PAM inhibited lung cancer cell migration and invasion and downregulates EMT mRNA expression. (a) A migration assay was performed to evaluate the migration of A549 cells in 2D and 3D cultures after being treated with PAM. The image of 0 h and 24 h was recorded by a microscope, respectively. Scale bar, 100 μm. (b) The percentage of gap area covered at 24 h for PAM and control groups was normalized to 0 h gap area of each group. Data were as obtained from five individual experiments. (c) Invaded cells from 2D and 3D lung cancer cells imaged in a bright-field microscope. Scale bar, 100 μm. (d) The number of invaded cells was quantified as in the of five individual experiments. (e) EMT-related mRNA expression levels in 3D-cultured A549 spheroids. (f) EMT-related markers in 3D culture A549 spheroids when treated by PAM, NAC, and NAC + PAM were shown as relative expression values, the nontreated group as control. Significance was presented as , , and in all experiments.

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