[Retracted] Protective Effects of Amauroderma rugosum on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity through Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Apoptosis, and Activating Akt/mTOR and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathways

Figure 4

Effect of AR and GL extracts on Dox-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cells. H9c2 cells were pretreated with 1 mg/mL of AR or GL extract or vehicle (control) for 4 h and then treated with or without 0.5 μM Dox for 4 h. (a) Intracellular ROS and (b) mitochondrial ROS generation in H9c2 cells were detected by fluorescence microscopy after CM-H2DCFDA and MitoSOX red staining. Blue, green, and red signals indicate nuclei, intracellular ROS, and mitochondrial ROS in the H9c2 cells. Scale bar: 100 μm. Flow cytometry analysis of (c) intracellular ROS and (d) mitochondrial ROS levels in H9c2 cells. Quantitative analysis of (e) intracellular ROS and (g) mitochondrial ROS levels using fluorescent microscopy. (f) Intracellular ROS and (h) mitochondrial ROS levels were quantified using flow cytometry analysis. Data are presented as percentage of control group values ( of three independent experiments). indicates a statistically significant difference.