Current Insights on Bioactive Molecules, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Other Pharmacological Activities of Cinnamomum camphora Linn

Table 5

Preclinical (in vitro/in vivo/in silico) and clinical studies of C. camphora and its main natural bioactive molecules.

Natural bioactive molecule	Methodology	Test drug	Control	Result	Pharmacological activity; /disease	Ref.
Camphor	Cell line study (male Wister rat DRG cells)	Dorsal root ganglion of adult male Wistar rats	Crt wash	Activate TRP receptor (TRPM8) and mutant channel	Analgesic by; cold and heat sensitization of camphor	[50]
Citronellal	Rat module in vivo and in vitro (paw edema and peritoneal fluid leucocyte count)	50,100,200 mg/kg	Dexamethasone (2 mg/kg, s.c.),	In vitro and vivo studies of citronellal significantly () reduce paw edema and leucocyte count	Anti-inflammatory and analgesics	[47]
Clinical trials
Cinelol	Randomized, double-blind, clinical trial	100 mg capsule three daily for 7 days	Placebo	Symptom (headache, heaviness, secretion, and nasal obstruction) reduced	Acute non-purulent rhinosinusitis	[42]
Cineole	Randomized placebo-controlled trial (multicenter)	200 mg cineole or placebo 3 times for six months during (concomitant therapy)	Placebo	Significant improvement notes test group; Improvement in dyspnea, lung function	Anti-asthmatic	[43]
Cineole (Eucalyptol)	Randomized placebo controlled clinical trial	200 mg cineole or placebo 3 times for six months during winter	Placebo	Improve lung function and health status. Reduce exacerbation and dyspnea	COPD	[44]
Cinelol	Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial	mg of cineole, per day for 10 days	Placebo control	Significantly reduce cough	Bronchitis	[41]