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| Author | Species (sex) | Weight | Model | Anesthetic | Treatment | Control | Outcome index | Intergroup differences |
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| Ahmad et al. 2011 | Male Wistar rats | 250-300 g | tMCAO for 2 h | Chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg, IP) | Quercetin, 30 mg/kg, IP, at 1 h before MCAO and then 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after MCAO | The same volume of 0.1% DMSO, IP, at 30 min before MCAO and then 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after MCAO | (1) Infarct volume (TTC), 72 h after MCAO (8/8) | |
| (2) TBARS level, 72 h after MCAO (8/8) | |
| (3) GSH content, 72 h after MCAO (8/8) | |
| (4) Activities of antioxidant enzymes, 72 h after MCAO (8/8) | |
| (5) Activity of Na+-K+-ATPase, 72 h after MCAO (8/8) | |
| (6) PARP activity, 72 h after MCAO (8/8) | |
| (7) Activity of caspase-3, 72 h after MCAO (8/8) | |
| (8) Number of p53 positive cells, 72 h after MCAO (8/8) | |
| Pandey et al. 2011 | Male SD rats | 240-260 g | tMCAO for 1 h | Ketamine (50 mg/kg IP) | Quercetin, 10 mg/kg, IP, at 30 min before MCAO | The same volume of normal saline, IP, at 30 min before MCAO | (1) NFS (Longa), 24 h after MCAO (6/10) | |
| (2) Infarct volume (TTC), 24 h after MCAO (6/10) | |
| (3) Nitrite levels, 20 min after MCAO (6/6) | |
| (4) MDA levels, 20 min after MCAO (6/6) | |
| (5) Spectrin breakdown products (SBDPs) expression, 24 h after MCAO (6/6) | |
| Yao et al. 2012 | Male SD rats | 250-270 | tMCAO for 1.5 h | 10% chloral hydrate (0.4 ml/kg, IP) | Quercetin, 10, 20 mg/kg, IG, at 3 h after MCAO and then once daily | The same volume of 0.1% dH2O/0.1% tween-80, IG, at 3 h after MCAO and then once daily | (1) NFS (mNSS), 28 d after MCAO (12/12) | |
| (2) Infarct volume, 7 d after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (3) TUNEL-positive cells, 7 d after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (4) Bcl-2 levels, 7 d after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (5) Bax levels, 7 d after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (6) Cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3, 7 d after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (7) BDNF levels, 7 d after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (8) TrkB levels, 7 d after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (9) p-AKT/AKT levels, 7 d after MCAO (4/4) | |
| Zhang et al. 2016 | Male SD rats | 200-300 g | tMCAO for 2 h | 10% chloral hydrate | Quercetin, 7.5 mg/kg, IP, at 1 h after MCAO and then every 12 h for 3 days | The same volume of 0.1% DMSO, IP, at 1 h after MCAO and then every 12 h for 3 days | (1) NFS (mNSS), 28 d after MCAO (6/6) | |
| (2) Infarct volume (TTC), 28 d after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (3) IL-6 levels, 14 d after MCAO (12/12) | |
| (4) IL-1β levels, 14 d after MCAO (12/12) | |
| (5) IL-4 levels, 14 d after MCAO (12/12) | |
| (6) IL-10 levels, 14 d after MCAO (12/12) | |
| (7) Caspase-3 immunoreactive staining, 28 d after MCAO (4/4) | |
| Shah et al. 2018 | Male SD rats | 200-230 g | pMCAO for 24 h | Zoletil (50 mg/kg, IM) | Quercetin, 10 mg/kg, IP, at 30 min before MCAO | The same volume of 0.05% DMSO, IP, at 30 min before MCAO | (1) NFS (Bederson), 24 h after MCAO (15/15) | |
| (2) Infarct volume (TTC), 24 h after MCAO (7/7) | |
| (3) ICDH and ICDH mRNA levels, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (4) Adenosylhomocysteinase and mRNA levels, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (5) Pyruvate kinase and mRNA levels, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (6) Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) and UCHL1 mRNA levels, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (7) Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and HSP60 mRNA levels, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (8) Collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) and CPM2 levels, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| Park et al. 2018 | Male SD rats | 200-220 g | pMCAO for 24 h | Zoletil (50 mg/kg, IM) | Quercetin, 30 mg/kg, IP, at 1 h before MCAO | The same volume of 0.05% DMSO, IP, at 1 h before MCAO | (1) NFS (Bederson), 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (2) Infarct volume (TTC), 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (3) Brain water content, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (4) Fluoro-Jade B staining, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (5) PARP levels, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (6) Caspase-3 levels, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| Ma et al. 2019 | Male SD rats | 180-220 g | tMCAO for 2 h | 10% chloral hydrate | Quercetin, 25, 50, 100 mg/kg, IG, once daily for 14 days before MCAO | The same volume of 0.5% CMC-Na, IG, once daily for 14 days before MCAO | (1) NFS (Bederson), 24 h after MCAO (6/6) | |
| (2) Brain water content, 24 h after MCAO (6/6) | |
| (3) LDH/MDA/SOD, 24 h after MCAO (6/6) | |
| (4) Beclin, 24 h after MCAO (6/6) | |
| (5) LC3II/LC3I levels, 24 h after MCAO (6/6) | |
| (6) p62/Bax/Bcl-2, 24 h after MCAO (6/6) | |
| (7) p-AMPK, 24 h after MCAO (6/6) | |
| (8) p-mTOR, 24 h after MCAO (6/6) | |
| (9) p-ULK1, 24 h after MCAO (6/6) | |
| Park et al. 2019 | Male SD rats | 220-230 g | pMCAO for 24 h | Zoletil (50 mg/kg, IM) | Quercetin, 10 mg/kg, IP, at 30 min before MCAO | The same volume of 0.1% DMSO, IP, at 30 min before MCAO | (1) NFS (Bederson), 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (2) Infarct volume (TTC), 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (3) MALDI-TOF analysis for protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) subunit B levels, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (4) RT-PCR analysis for PP2A subunit B levels, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (5) Western blot analysis for PP2A subunit B levels, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| Wang el al.2020 | Male SD rats | 250-300 g | tMCAO for 1.5 h | 2–4% isoflurane | 25 mg/kg, IP. Once daily for 21 days before MCAO | The same volume of saline vehicle, IP, once a day for 21 days before MCAO | (1) NFS (Longa), 72 h after MCAO (6/6) | |
| (2) Infarct volume (TTC), 72 h after MCAO (6/6) | |
| (3) BBB permeability (EB), 72 h after MCAO (6/6) | |
| (4) Caspase 3 activity, 72 h after MCAO (6/6) | |
| (5) MDA content, 72 h after MCAO (6/6) | |
| (6) TNF-α and IL-1β mRNAs, 72 h after MCAO (6/6) | |
| (7) p-ERK and p-AKT levels, 72 h after MCAO (6/6) | |
| Park et al. 2020a | Male SD rats | 210-230 g | pMCAO for 24 h | Zoletil (50 mg/kg, IM) | Quercetin, 10 mg/kg, IP, at 1 h before MCAO | The same volume of 0.1% DMSO, IP, at 1 h before MCAO | (1) Infarct volume, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (2) Brain water content, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (3) MALDI-TOF analysis for thioredoxin, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (4) Thioredoxin mRNA, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (5) Thioredoxin levels, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (6) Immunofluorescence for thioredoxin, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| Park et al. 2020b | Male SD rats | 210-220 g | pMCAO for 24 h | Zoletil (50 mg/kg, IM) | Quercetin, 10 mg/kg, IP, at 1 h before MCAO | The same volume of 0.1% DMSO, IP, at 1 h before MCAO | (1) NFS (Bederson), 24 h after MCAO (20/20) | |
| (2) Infarct volume (TTC), 24 h after MCAO (3/3) | |
| (3) Hippocalcin protein level, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (4) Hippocalcin and NeuN-positive cells, 24 h after MCAO (5/5) | |
| Fan et al. 2020 | Male SD rats | 220-240 g | tMCAO | Pentobarbital sodium (30 mg/kg, IP) | Quercetin, 25, 50, 100 mg/kg, IG, once daily for 12 days before MCAO | The same volume of normal saline, IG, once daily for 12 days before MCAO | (1) NFS (Longa), 72 h after MCAO (20/20) | |
| (2) Infarct volume (TTC), 72 h after MCAO (3/3) | |
| (3) ROS levels, 72 h after MCAO (3/3) | |
| (4) MDA, 72 h after MCAO (3/3) | |
| (5) SOD, 72 h after MCAO (3/3) | |
| Park et al. 2021 | Male SD rats | 220-230 g | pMCAO for 24 h | Zoletil (50 mg/kg, IM) | Quercetin, 10 mg/kg, IP, at 30 min before MCAO | The same volume of 0.1% DMSO, IP, at 30 min before MCAO | (1) NFS (Bederson), 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (2) Proteomic for parvalbumin, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (3) Parvalbumin mRNA, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (4) Parvalbumin levels, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| (5) Immunostaining of parvalbumin, 24 h after MCAO (4/4) | |
| Yang et al. 2021 | Male Wistar rats | 280-320 g | tMCAO for 1.5 h | 4.5% isoflurane | Quercetin, 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg, IP, at onset of reperfusion | The same volume of DMSO/normal saline, IP, at onset of reperfusion | (1) NFS (mNSS), 24 h after MCAO (7/7) | |
| (2) Infarct volume (TTC), 24 h after MCAO (7/7) | |
| (3) BBB permeability (EB), 24 h after MCAO (8/8) | |
| (4) ROS levels, 24 h after MCAO (6/6) | |
| (5) ZO-1 expression, 24 h after MCAO (8/8) | |
| (6) Claudin-5 expression, 24 h after MCAO (8/8) | |
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