Advanced Glycation End Products Induce Atherosclerosis via RAGE/TLR4 Signaling Mediated-M1 Macrophage Polarization-Dependent Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Conversion

Figure 3

(a) Captured immunofluorescent staining images of iNOS which is the marker of M1 macrophage. DAPI and their merged images were also demonstrated. Columns on the right panel indicate the mean fluorescent intensities of iNOS. (b) Columns indicated the relative mRNA expression levels of RAGE and TLR4 in macrophages. (c) Immunoblots of RAGE, TLR4, and GAPDH in macrophages were demonstrated. Columns on the right panel indicate the relative expression levels of RAGE and TLR4 in macrophages. (d) Columns indicate the concentrations of IL1β, IL6, and TNFα in cell culture medium supernatant of macrophages. ; .

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)