Apolipoprotein (a)/Lipoprotein(a)-Induced Oxidative-Inflammatory α7-nAChR/p38 MAPK/IL-6/RhoA-GTP Signaling Axis and M1 Macrophage Polarization Modulate Inflammation-Associated Development of Coronary Artery Spasm

Figure 5

The human monoclonal antibody, tocilizumab, disrupts Lp(a)-induced α7-nAChR/p38 MAPK signaling by attenuating inflammation in patient monocyte-derived macrophages and HCASMCs. (a) 3D chemical structures of tocilizumab with molecular formula C₆₄₂₈H₉₉₇₆N₁₇₂₀O₂₀₁₈S₄₂ and molar mass 144987.06 g/mol. (b) Graphical representation of the effect of 1.25 μM–10 μM tocilizumab on the viability of HCASMCs or PMDMs. Representative western blot photo images and histograms showing how treatment with 1 μM Lp(a) and/or 2.5 μM–10 μM tocilizumab affects the expression of α7-nAChR, p-p38, and p38 proteins in (c) patient monocyte-derived macrophages or in (d) HCASMCs. , , and ; GAPDH served as loading control. PMDM: patient monocyte-derived macrophage.

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