Evaluation of Antidiabetic Effect of Combined Leaf and Seed Extracts of Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) on Alloxan-Induced Diabetes in Mice: A Biochemical and Histological Study

Figure 13

Histological sections of liver samples from the different experimental groups. (a) Hepatic tissue of nondiabetic control mice (G1) showing the normal histological structure of the hepatic parenchyma, hepatic lobules comprised of hepatocytes, the central vein, and the portal vein. Hepatocytes arranged in cords radiating from the central vein toward the portal area. The gaps between the hepatic cords comprise the sinusoids. (b) Hepatic tissue of diabetic control mice (G2) showing hepatic histopathological changes that include the accumulation of fat vacuoles in hepatocytes, mild inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular dilatation and congestion, and varying degree of fibrosis at the pericellular and perisinusoidal levels. In the central area, degenerative changes characterized by vacuolation of hepatocytes in the central zone area of the hepatic lobule. (c) Insulin-treated diabetic mice (G3) showing mild changes in hepatic histopathology. (d–f) Hepatic tissue of diabetic mice treated with 500 mg/kg BW/day of Moringa oleifera leaf (G4), seed (G5), and combination (G6) extracts, respectively, for 1 month, exhibiting persistent histopathological changes, including degeneration and vacuolization in hepatocytes. (g–i) Hepatic tissue of diabetic mice treated with 500 mg/kg BW/day of Moringa oleifera leaf (G7), seed (G8), and combination (G9) extracts, respectively, for 3 months, illustrating significant improvement in the hepatic histoarchitecture, especially in the G9 group, which shows lower congestion and less emptying of hepatocytes (i). Hematoxylin and eosin staining, 400x magnification.