Oxidative stress is related to the onset of several pathologies occurring in elderly people and the triggering of inflammatory responses, including diabetes, osteoporosis, metabolic abnormalities, and cancer. Exosomes are small vesicles secreted into circulation by a range of cell types in vivo, whereupon they can be internalized by proximal or distal cells. Exosomes isolated from certain cell types have previously been shown to be capable of ameliorating oxidative stress and aging-related degeneration, but the specific mechanism still remains uncertain. Therefore, new insight into exosomes is needed for the development of new and effective treatments for aging-related diseases.

The generation and elimination of free radicals is in a state of dynamic balance, which is destroyed as the body ages. The chain of free radical reactions induces in DNA, proteins, and especially macromolecular material, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, degeneration and crosslinking, which is responsible for influencing and modifying surrounding cells. The therapeutic use of agents able to counteract oxidative stress and to modulate and ultimately eliminate senescent cells may represent a crucial strategy for the prevention and treatment of aging diseases.

The aim of this Special Issue, therefore, is to investigate the critical role that exosomes play in regulating oxidative stress, cell death, and inflammation in aging diseases, and to explore their potential as promising therapeutic targets for future treatments of aging diseases. Papers investigating the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress in aging diseases are welcome. We welcome both original research and review articles.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress and exosomes in aging diseases
• The role of oxidative stress and exosomes in cell death and disease
• The interaction of exosome-regulated oxidative stress and autophagy in aging diseases
• Exosome or exosomal non-coding RNAs in the regulation of oxidative stress
• Advanced exosome-based treatments for age-related diseases
• Exosomes in the prevention of cancer by inhibiting oxidative stress
• Exosomes in cellular senescence and oxidative stress
• Application of engineering exosomes in the regulation of oxidative stress
• Exosome-based drugs for oxidative stress in aging disease