The interest in applications of new biomaterials, including a variety of nano-sized particles, has been increasing in medical disciplines. This is accompanied by the need for the estimation of adverse effects of such therapeutic approaches in a broad field of clinically targeted pathologies. At the same time, there has been confirmation of nanoparticle toxicities in numerous organs and tissues in widespread medical, so further elucidation of the general mechanism that may compromise their efficiency and safety is needed.

Preliminary reports have already confirmed the role of oxidative stress as one of the most common factors that lead to many adverse effects of nanoparticles. Even more, it has been noticed that oxidative damage may be the initial mechanism underlying some serious disadvantages for clinical indications that employ nano-sized particles, or it may trigger such mechanisms. Therefore, it seems appropriate to evaluate and promote the prevention of nanoparticle-induced toxicities by antioxidant supplementation. Moreover, there is a growing need for the antioxidant components from natural products and this can be complementary to these two current medical approaches (the employment of nanomaterials and simultaneous attenuation of their toxicities).

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide a comprehensive collection of both original research and review articles that focus on the estimation of oxidative stress as a key mechanism in many toxicities induced by nanoparticles. The presentation of data considering the prevention of toxicities induced by nanoparticles may increase enthusiasm for the use of these advanced materials along with the maintenance of the equilibrium of homeostatic mechanisms. We welcome submissions focusing either on the results obtained in preclinical studies or in clinical trials.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• The use of nano-sized materials in medical therapeutic approaches
• Oxidative damage as a principle mechanism of toxicities induced by nanomaterials
• Antioxidant supplementation in prevention and treatment of nanoparticle-induced toxicities
• Role of antioxidant-rich natural compounds in attenuation of pathologies correlated with nanoparticle-induced toxicities
• Animal experimental models for the evaluation of oxidative damage in pathogenesis of nanoparticle-induced toxicities
• Behavioral manifestations of neurotoxicity induced by nano-sized bone replacement materials – the role of antioxidant supplementation
• The evaluation of systemic toxicities induced by nano-sized biomaterials – targeting oxidative damage mechanisms
• Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of toxicities induced by nanoparticles of plastic materials
• Oxidative damage following the administration of nano-sized biomaterials in dentistry
• Clinical trials for the evaluation of oxidative damage underlying nanoparticle-induced toxicities in global pollution