Nanoparticles are important nanomaterials, and due to their small size and large surface area to volume ratio they show distinctive physicochemical and biological characteristics against bulk materials. Nanoparticles are extensively used in drugs, consumer products, and drug delivery systems, however the wide application of nanoparticles may lead to contamination of the environment, animals, and humans through oral, inhalation and dermal routes and may induce toxicity and impact on human health.

Despite exploration of how pulmonary exposure to nanoparticles may affect lung and cardiovascular toxicity, the underlying mechanisms of this toxicity are unknown. Some researchers have demonstrated through pulmonary treatments to nano-sized particles that air pollutants are capable of inducing adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether pulmonary exposure to nanoparticles adversely affects vascular homeostasis.

Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue is to collate original research and review articles that focus on comprehensively assessing the cardiovascular effects of pulmonary exposure to nanoparticles of different sizes and types. We welcome submissions focused on safety clinical issues that facilitate our understanding of nanoparticle applications and aid in the identification of potential hazards.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Nanomaterials as new diagnostic tools and potential therapeutic strategies
• Role of nanoparticles in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and application in clinical studies
• Role of oxidative stress in molecular and morphological changes with potential implications for cancer diseases
• Diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and treatment of disease using nanoparticles
• Role of oxidative stress in cancers, inflammatory, and cardiovascular disease