Population aging is already one of the most significant phenomena, with the prevalence of age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancers, and neurodegenerative disorders on the rise. The importance of the immune system in the aging process has been recognized in recent decades. Aged immune cells, including macrophages, T cells, and B cells, lose their ability to mount an effective response to pathogens, contributing to the systemic aging process. Furthermore, the inflammation component of the immune system has been linked to oxidative stress and thus leads to aging and aging-related diseases. This type of inflammation is distinguished by being chronic, low-grade, sterile, and persistent, eventually leading to organ dysfunction. The accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines aggravates this inflammatory state, accelerating aging even further. Indeed, emerging research indicates that elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, immune cell defects, and tumor immunosurveillance defects are immune signatures of aging-related chronic diseases and can be used to predict disease. Anti-inflammatory drugs have also been shown to extend life in animals, and strategies targeting inflammation are emerging as potential therapies to counter aging-related diseases and extend life span.

Given the significance of inflammation and immunity in aging, clarifying the relationship between inflammation and aging will facilitate healthy aging and the development of precise therapeutic strategies for aging-related diseases.

The goal of this Special Issue is to provide recent advances in the field of immune regulation and oxidative stress in the aging process, as well as assist in understanding the relationship between immune regulation and aging. Original research and review articles are welcome.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Identification of genetic or biochemical predictive biomarkers of immunity and oxidative stress in healthy aging/aging-related diseases
• Construction of early predictive or warning models for healthy aging/aging-related diseases based on inflammation/immune as well as oxidative stress factors
• Targeting important immune regulation points during aging
• Evaluation of anti-inflammation or anti-oxidative therapy for the treatment of aging-related disease and the aging process