The interest in applications of new biomaterials, including a variety of nano-sized particles, has been increasing in medical disciplines. This is accompanied by the need for the estimation of adverse effects of such therapeutic approaches in a broad field of clinically targeted pathologies. At the same time, there has been significant improvement in the development of new strategies in the prevention and treatment of various disorders by administering nanoparticles.

Preliminary reports have already confirmed the role of oxidative stress as one of the most common factors that lead to many of the adverse effects of nanoparticles. Even more, it has been noticed that oxidative damage may be the initial mechanism underlying some serious disadvantages for clinical indications that employ nano-sized particles, or it may trigger such mechanisms. Therefore, it seems appropriate to evaluate and emphasize the prevention of nanoparticle-induced toxicities by antioxidant supplementation, as well as to promote the antioxidants that include nano-formulation ingredients. Furthermore, the recent progress in green synthesis methodology that employs nanoparticles has shed light on the additional potentials that can strengthen the clinical applicability of nanomaterials.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide a comprehensive and valuable collection of both original research and review articles that focus on the estimation of oxidative stress as a key mechanism in many toxicities induced by nanoparticles, which was previously successfully published in the Special Issue entitled "Nanoparticle-Induced Toxicities: an Update on the Role of Oxidative Stress". The presentation of data considering both advantages and adverse effects of the nanoparticles assured us that a better understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms induced by these advanced materials may lead to a significant improvement in the field of nanomedicine. We welcome submissions focusing either on the results obtained in preclinical studies or in clinical trials.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Environmental factors as triggers of mechanisms of systemic toxicities that include oxidative damage
• Animal experimental models for the evaluation of oxidative damage in pathogenesis of nanoparticle-induced toxicities
• Behavioral manifestations of neurotoxicity induced by nano-sized materials – the role of antioxidant supplementation
• Oxidative damage as a principal mechanism of toxicities induced by nanomaterials
• The evaluation of systemic toxicities induced by nano-sized biomaterials – targeting oxidative damage mechanism
• Antioxidant supplementation in prevention and treatment of nanoparticles-induced toxicities
• Role of antioxidant-rich natural compounds in attenuation of pathologies correlated with nanoparticles-induced toxicities
• Nano-formulation of food ingredients and oxidative stress
• The role of nanoparticles in oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage
• Nanoparticles as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents
• Nanomedicine in clinical trials – the alterations in oxidative equilibrium
• Clinical trials for the evaluation of oxidative damage underlying nanoparticles-induced toxicities in global pollution
• The advantages and threats of nano-biomaterials in dentistry – the role of oxidative stress