The population affected by chronic, non-transmissible diseases and aging has been increasing in the last decades. Several and diverse causes produce these pathological states and a common factor involved in most of them is oxidative stress. Cellular oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Due to the broad and harmful biological effects of ROS, in the last years, numerous experimental and clinical studies have focused their attention on the participation of oxidative stress as a key regulator in chronic pathologies and aging.

The aim of this Special Issue is to collate original research articles as well as review articles that reflect the progress to elucidate the mechanisms through the balance between ROS and cellular antioxidant machinery may be altered during aging and chronic diseases causing oxidative damage. We welcome all articles that describe new and important findings on the role of oxidative stress in disease or aging. It is expected the submission of manuscripts that allow expanding knowledge and that describe new strategies to treat or prevent a pathological status in which oxidative stress might be involved.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• New mechanisms involved in oxidative damage in aging and chronic diseases: role of oxidant species and antioxidant defense
• Recent advances on cellular and molecular aspects of the mechanism, therapy, or prevention of chronic diseases and age-related diseases in which oxidative stress is involved and potentially can be a target for interventions
• Studies directed to find and develop new antioxidant drugs for the prevention of chronic diseases and aging