Noncommunicable diseases tend to be of long duration and result from a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors. Currently, noncommunicable diseases globally represent the single largest cause of mortality in people of working age. Evidence suggests that a reduction in daily physical activity is the primary cause of noncommunicable disease. Oxidative stress is a common feature in noncommunicable diseases and participates in the progression of these diseases. Oxidative stress may also provide critical targets for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.

However, reductions in the incidence of many noncommunicable diseases and their complications are already possible. Exercise training has tremendous health benefits, such as a decreased risk of several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, some cancers, and type 2 diabetes. Regular physical exercise stands out as a remarkable non-pharmacological strategy to control oxidative stress in numerous physiological systems. Regardless of the type of physical activity and the studied population, exercise can normalize redox imbalance. The study of redox capacity should introduce new research into the role of oxidative stress in noncommunicable diseases and how to screen for potentially beneficial targets. A mechanistic understanding of oxidative stress will be vital for developing adequate guidelines in preventative medicine and therapeutic approaches to mitigate disorders and pathological conditions. Detailed knowledge of oxidative stress may play a role in the etiology of noncommunicable diseases and is relevant for clinical rehabilitation. The development of antioxidant proteins for therapeutic applications is closely connected with progress in medical biotechnology and health.

In this Special Issue, we invite high-quality original manuscripts and review articles examining all aspects of the beneficial effects of exercise linked to oxidative stress, considering both basic and applied mechanisms, consequences, and functions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as the role of antioxidant defenses. We aim to collect multidisciplinary and integrative research under the scope of physiology and molecular and cellular biology related to oxidative stress. Clinical human studies and animal models that provide essential insights into the molecular processes mediating oxidative metabolism are welcomed.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Redox biology of noncommunicable diseases
• The role of oxidative stress in muscle and cardiovascular dysfunction, disorders, injury, and cellular longevity
• The effect of physical inactivity on the redox biology of molecular pathways in skeletal muscle
• Research integrating physiology responses and molecular and cellular pathways related to redox biology in cell-cell communication and blood circulation
• Responses to exercise training in healthy individuals and chronic noncommunicable diseases, and the underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms that drive these benefits
• Noncoding RNAs in exercise-induced redox protection in chronic diseases