Pinnipeds and PTSD: An Analysis of a Human-Animal Interaction Case Study Program for a Veteran

Table 4

In the past month, how much were, you bothered by	Not at all	A little bit	Moderately	Quite a bit	Extremely
(1) Repeated, disturbing, and unwanted memories of the stressful experience?	0	1	2	3	4
(2) Repeated, disturbing dreams of the stressful experience?	0	1	2	3	4
(3) Suddenly feeling or acting as if the stressful experience were actually happening again (as if you were actually back there reliving it)?	0	1	2	3	4
(4) Feeling very upset when something reminded you of the stressful experience?	0	1	2	3	4
(5) Having strong physical reactions when something reminded you of the stressful experience (e.g., heart pounding, trouble breathing, and sweating)?	0	1	2	3	4
(6) Avoiding memories, thoughts, or feelings related to stressful experience?	0	1	2	3	4
(7) Avoiding external reminders of the stressful experience (e.g., people, places, conversations, activities, objects, or situations)?	0	1	2	3	4
(8) Trouble remembering important parts of the stressful experience?	0	1	2	3	4
(9) Having strong negative beliefs about yourself, other people, or the world (e.g., having thoughts such as: I am bad, there is something seriously wrong with me, no one can be trusted, the world is completely dangerous)?	0	1	2	3	4
(10) Blaming yourself or someone else for the stressful experience or what happened after it?	0	1	2	3	4
(11) Having strong negative feelings such as fear, horror, anger, guilt, or shame?	0	1	2	3	4
(12) Loss of interest in activities that you used to enjoy?	0	1	2	3	4
(13) Feeling distant or cut off from other people?	0	1	2	3	4
(14) Trouble experiencing positive feelings (e.g., being unable to feel happiness or have loving feelings for people close to you)?	0	1	2	3	4
(15) Irritable behavior, angry outbursts, or acting aggressively?	0	1	2	3	4
(16) Taking too many risks or doing things that could cause you harm?	0	1	2	3	4
(17) Being “superalert” or watchful or on guard?	0	1	2	3	4
(18) Feeling jumpy or easily startled?	0	1	2	3	4
(19) Having difficulty concentrating?	0	1	2	3	4
(20) Trouble falling or staying asleep?	0	1	2	3	4

Source: US Department of Veteran Affairs (VA), National Center for PTSD, (2014). PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Retrieved from http://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/assessment/adult-sr/ptsd-checklist.asp.