Deep, Surface, or Both? A Study of Occupational Therapy Students’ Learning Concepts

Table 2

Bivariate associations between the study variables ().

Variables	Deep concept		Surface concept		Collected effort concept
	Age	0.18	<0.05	−0.03	0.76	0.10	0.25
Gender	0.14	0.10	0.12	0.16	0.15	0.06
Self-esteem	0.12	0.14	−0.00	0.98	0.08	0.36
General self-efficacy	0.19	<0.05	−0.06	0.45	0.08	0.32
Cohort	0.04	0.60	−0.07	0.39	−0.02	0.84
Prior higher education	−0.05	0.54	0.09	0.27	0.02	0.77
Average time per week on the independent study	0.24	<0.01	0.17	<0.05	0.25	<0.01
Self-assessment of study performance	0.17	<0.05	0.05	0.54	0.14	0.10
Surface concept	0.29	<0.001

Note. Statistical test is Pearson correlation coefficient . Coding of categorical variables: male = 0; female = 1. No prior higher education = 0; prior higher education = 1. For all other variables, higher scores indicate higher levels.