A Feasibility RCT Evaluating a Play-Informed, Caregiver-Implemented, Home-Based Intervention to Improve the Play of Children Who Are HIV Positive

Table 2

Baseline ToP raw item scores for overall group ( children).

ToP item^a and description	Baseline (Pre)
	Med	IQR
Engaged (E)^IM: is activity engaged	2.5	1.0
Decides (E)^IC: what to do	3.0	1.0
Safety (E)^IC: maintains level of safety sufficient to play	3.0	0.0
Mischief (E)^FCR: engages in mischief or teasing	0.0	0.0
Process (E)^IM: engages in activity for the sheer pleasure	2.0	2.0
Pretends (E)^FCR: to be someone else, to do something else	0.0	1.0
Unconventional (E)^FCR: incorporates objects in variable ways	0.0	1.0
Social play (E)^IC: engages in social play	2.0	2.0
Clowns (E)^FCR: or jokes	0.0	0.0
Cues (E)^FR: gives readily understandable verbal/nonverbal cues	1.0	2.0
Engaged (I)^IM: is activity engaged	2.0	2.0
Social play (I)^IC: engages in social play	1.0	0.0
Affect (I)^IM: demonstrates positive affect during play	1.0	1.0
Object (I)^IC: interacts with objects	2.0	1.0
Engaged (S)^FR: is activity engaged	1.0	1.0
Modifies (S)^IC: activity to maintain challenge/make fun	0.0	0.0
Social play (S)^IC: engages in social play	1.0	1.0
Supports (S)^IC: play of others	0.0	0.0
Initiate (S)^IC: play with others	0.0	1.0
Shares (S)^IC: toys, equipment, friends, and ideas	1.0	1.0
Cues (S)^FR: gives readily understandable verbal/nonverbal cues	0.0	1.0
Responds (S)^FR: to others’ cues	0.0	1.0
Objects (S)^IC: interacts with objects	1.0	1.0
Transitions (S)^IC: from one play activity to another	1.0	2.0

Notes: (E) = extent item (amount of time), (I) = intensity item (degree of participation), (S) = skill item (ease of performance). ^aSome ToP items were scored “not applicable” for some children; as a result, the following ToP items did not have enough data for analysis: Enters (S), Persists (I), Engages in playful mischief or teasing (S), Pretends (S), Creative (I), Negotiates (S), and Clowns or jokes (S). IQR = interquartile range. Item is associated with the following elements of play and playfulness: ^IMintrinsic motivation, ^ICinternal control, ^FCRfreedom from constraints of reality, ^FRskills related to framing. Highest item score; lowest item score.