| | Variables | Low back pain | Crude odds ratio | Adjusted odds ratio | | Yes (%) | No (%) | (95% CI) | (95% CI) |
| | Sex | | | | | | Male | 185 (66.1) | 95 (33.9) | 1 | 1 | | Female | 272 (82.2) | 59 (17.8) | 2.36 (1.62, 3.44) | 3.23 (0.69, 15.02) | | Age (years) | | | | | | <30 | 92 (66.2) | 47 (33.8) | 1 | | | 30-40 | 156 (73.6) | 56 (26.4) | 1.42 (0.89, 2.26) | 0.30 (0.72,1.33) | | ≥41 | 209 (80.4) | 51 (19.6) | 2.09 (1.31, 3.33) | 0.42 (0.56, 2.42) | | Marital status | | | | | | Single | 79 (61.7) | 49 (38.3) | 1 | | | Married | 307 (80.6) | 74 (19.4) | 2.02 (1.32, 3.09) | 2.70 (0.80, 9.10) | | Other | 71 (69.6) | 31 (30.4) | 4.00 (1.93, 8.29) | 4.07 (0.75, 22.15) | | Work experience (in years) | | | | | | <10 | 59 (46.1) | 69 (53.9) | 1 | 1 | | 11-24 | 253 (66.4) | 128 (33.6) | 2.13 (1.35, 3.34) | 2.56 (0.38, 14.00) | | >25 | 54 (52.9) | 48 (47.1) | 2.14 (1.26, 3.65) | 2.64 (0.29, 19.29) | | Monthly income (ETB) | | | | | | >3501 | 209 (78.9) | 56 (21.1) | 2.38 (1.43, 3.95) | 1.15 (0.21, 6.38) | | 2501-3500 | 190 (75.7) | 61 (24.3) | 1.98 (1.20, 3.28) | 1.01 (0.19, 5.43) | | <2500 | 58 (61.1) | 37 (38.9) | 1 | 1 | | Sleeping disturbance | | | | | | Yes | 196 (85.6) | 33 (14.4) | 2.75 (1.79, 4.22) | 6.99 (2.20, 13.63) | | No | 261 (68.3) | 121 (31.7) | 1 | 1 | | Have stress | | | | | | Yes | 302 (81.2) | 70 (18.8) | 2.33 (1.61, 3.39) | 1.07 (0.48, 2.37) | | No | 155 (64.9) | 84 (35.1) | 1 | 1 | | Regular physical exercise | | | | | | Yes | 330 (78.0) | 93 (22.0) | 1 | 1 | | No | 127 (67.6) | 61 (32.4) | 1.58 (1.40, 5.48) | 1.46 (1.29, 5.10) | | Prolonged standing during session | | | | | | Yes | 363 (77.7) | 104 (22.3) | 2.85 (1.34, 7.46) | 4.78 (3.75, 9.32) | | No | 92 (63.9) | 52 (36.1) | 1 | 1 | | Length of breaking time between session | | | | | | Less than 15 minutes | 202 (78.9) | 54 (21.1) | 2.35 (1.47, 3.74) | 2.88 (0.68, 7.66) | | Up to 1 hour | 177 (77.6) | 51 (22.4) | 2.18 (1.35, 3.50) | 1.61 (0.59, 4.35) | | More than 1 hour | 66 (64.1) | 37 (35.9) | 1 | 1 | | Have asthma | | | | | | Yes | 84 (83.2) | 17 (16.8) | 1.81 (1.04, 3.16) | 0.95 (0.28, 3.25) | | No | 373 (73.1) | 137 (26.9) | 1 | 1 | | Previous back pain injury | | | | | | Yes | 144 (87.8) | 54 (12.2) | 2.36 (1.23, 4.53) | 2.11 (0.36, 4.88) | | No | 226 (54.7) | 187 (45.3) | 1 | 1 |
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