Factors Associated with Quality of Life among Caregivers of People with Spinal Cord Injury

Table 2

Relationship of WHOQOL-BREF domains with demographic characteristics in caregivers of people with SCI using univariate analysis.

	Physical Health		Psychological		Social Relationships		Environment
	Mean ± SD	P	Mean ± SD	P	Mean ± SD	P	Mean ± SD	P
Sex		0.585		0.262		0.835		0.929
Male	56.75 ± 15.64		57.55 ± 15.59		60.18 ± 17.60		51.14 ± 14.44
Female	55.13 ± 18.10		54.49 ± 15.71		60.19 ± 17.35		50.11 ± 14.69
Marital status		0.378		0.255		0.687		0.001
Single	57.85 ± 17.33		58.22 ± 12.14		60.76 ± 17.58		58.05 ± 13.45
Married	55.01 ± 16.90		54.85 ± 16.90		60.07 ± 17.40		48.61 ± 14.11
Education level		0.933		0.255		0.340		0.751
Nonacademic	55.94 ± 15.29		54.82 ± 14.76		60.79 ± 15.80		51.14 ± 12.08
Academic	55.67 ± 20.51		58.14 ± 17.50		58.33 ± 20.54		52.00 ± 19.02
Employment		0.394		0.104		0.215		0.173
Unemployed	54.45 ± 16.81		53.40 ± 15.69		58.38 ± 18.98		50.50 ± 13.81
Employed	56.97 ± 17.20		57.81 ± 15.48		62.13 ± 15.95		52.93 ± 14.99
Relationship status		0.044		0.018		0.154		0.001
Parents	48.69 ± 17.63^b		48.84 ± 16.30^b		58.81 ± 16.92^a		47.69 ± 11.72^a
Spouse	55.48 ± 13.26^a,b		56.10 ± 15.42^a,b		61.29 ± 17.62^a		51.16 ± 12.34^b,c
Brother/sister	57.42 ± 19.14^a,b		56.53 ± 16.91^a,b		64.33 ± 18.25^a		56.37 ± 15.84^a,b,c
Son/daughter	62.10 ± 15.31^a		63.10 ± 10.30^a		70.29 ± 15.40^a		63.19 ± 12.19^a
Other	61.12 ± 11.92^a		60.25 ± 8.91^a		68.00 ± 15.19^a		60.25 ± 17.39^a,b
Level of injury		<0.001		<0.001		0.004		0.016
Paraplegia	58.77 ± 15.90		58.51 ± 14.17		61.70 ± 16.36		51.89 ± 14.13
Tetraplegia	42.33 ± 15.64		43.54 ± 16.67		51.17 ± 19.32		45.54 ± 14.65

SD: standard deviation. ^a–cGroups followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.