Research Article
Which Occupations Did People Engage in during Lockdown? A European Cross-Sectional Descriptive Survey by Generation
Table 2
More frequently engaged occupations during lockdown in the COPACO study, by generation.
| | Total () (%) | Occupations more frequently performed by YAs (), (48.6)
(%) | Occupations more frequently performed by MAs (), (32.4)
(%) | Occupations more frequently performed by OAs (), (19.0)
(%) | value | Pairwise comparison when the value for the domain or subdomain was <0.2; adjusted for the false discovery rate | | YAs vs. MAs | YAs vs. OAs | MAs vs. OAs |
| | Leisure | 3016 (67.0) | 1463 (66.8) | 926 (63.6) | 627 (73.3) | <0.001 | 0.04 | 0.002 | <0.001 |
| | Quiet recreation | 1717 (38.2) | 851 (38.9) | 485 (33.3) | 381 (44.6) | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.004 | <0.001 | | Reading | 424 (9.4) | 193 (8.8) | 120 (8.2) | 111 (13.0) | <0.001 | 0.54 | 0.002 | <0.001 | | Crafts | 402 (8.9) | 209 (9.6) | 108 (7.4) | 85 (9.9) | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.74 | 0.05 | | Needlework | 171 (3.8) | 71 (3.2) | 49 (3.4) | 51 (6.0) | 0.001 | | | | | Drawing/painting | 82 (1.8) | 50 (2.3) | 16 (1.1) | 16 (1.9) | 0.03 | | | | | Writing | 32 (0.7) | 12 (0.6) | 10 (0.7) | 10 (1.2) | 0.2 | | | | | Creation of photo or video albums | 22 (0.5) | 13 (0.6) | 5 (0.3) | 4 (0.5) | 0.6 | | | | | Crafts with children | 14 (0.3) | 7 (0.3) | 7 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.1 | | | | | Other or not specified | 81 (1.8) | 56 (2.6) | 21 (1.4) | 4 (0.5) | <0.001 | | | | | Watching TV/series/movies | 287 (6.4) | 133 (6.1) | 98 (6.7) | 56 (6.6) | 0.7 | | | | | Playing online/video games | 118 (2.6) | 96 (4.4) | 17 (1.2) | 5 (0.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.16 | | Playing board games | 108 (2.4) | 54 (2.5) | 41 (2.8) | 13 (1.5) | 0.1 | 0.52 | 0.17 | 0.15 | | Listening/playing music | 82 (1.8) | 49 (2.2) | 17 (1.2) | 16 (1.9) | 0.1 | 0.06 | 0.53 | 0.26 | | Using new technologies | 69 (1.5) | 16 (0.7) | 17 (1.2) | 36 (4.2) | <0.001 | 0.17 | <0.001 | <0.001 | | Playing individual intellectual games | 54 (1.2) | 24 (1.1) | 13 (1.0) | 17 (2.0) | 0.1 | 0.55 | 0.09 | 0.09 | | Practicing meditation/relaxation | 45 (1.0) | 21 (1.0) | 16 (1.1) | 8 (0.9) | 0.9 | | | | | “Keeping updated” | 38 (0.8) | 13 (0.6) | 12 (0.8) | 13 (1.5) | 0.05 | 0.41 | 0.03 | 0.18 | | Going into the countryside | 22 (0.5) | 11 (0.5) | 8 (0.6) | 3 (0.4) | 0.8 | | | | | Taking time to do things | 20 (0.4) | 7 (0.3) | 9 (0.6) | 4 (0.5) | 0.4 | | | | | Sunbathing | 15 (0.3) | 9 (0.4) | 3 (0.2) | 3 (0.4) | 0.6 | | | | | Taking photographs | 5 (0.1) | 4 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 0.2 | | | | | Attending online religious services | 4 (0.1) | 3 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.8 | | | | | Other or not specified | 21 (0.5) | 8 (0.4) | 4 (0.3) | 9 (1.1) | 0.03 | 0.64 | 0.03 | 0.03 | | Active recreation | 1101 (24.5) | 534 (24.4) | 364 (25.0) | 203 (23.7) | 0.8 | | | | | Participating in sports/physical activities | 737 (16.4) | 380 (17.4) | 230 (15.8) | 127 (14.9) | 0.2 | | | | | Walking | 132 (2.9) | 38 (1.7) | 54 (3.7) | 40 (4.7) | <0.01 | | | | | Gym/fitness | 113 (2.5) | 51 (2.3) | 39 (2.7) | 23 (2.7) | 0.8 | | | | | Yoga/pilates/qiqong | 103 (2.3) | 55 (2.5) | 31 (2.1) | 17 (2.0) | 0.6 | | | | | Running | 40 (0.9) | 19 (0.9) | 16 (1.1) | 5 (0.6) | 0.4 | | | | | Exercise bike | 38 (0.8) | 9 (0.4) | 16 (1.1) | 13 (1.5) | 0.01 | | | | | Cycling | 23 (0.5) | 8 (0.4) | 6 (0.4) | 9 (1.1) | 0.1 | | | | | Racket sports | 10 (0.2) | 5 (0.2) | 4 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 0.8 | | | | | Dancing | 10 (0.2) | 6 (0.3) | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.2) | 0.7 | | | | | Other or not specified | 268 (6.0) | 189 (8.6) | 62 (4.3) | 17 (2.0) | <0.001 | | | | | Gardening | 296 (6.6) | 117 (5.3) | 109 (7.5) | 70 (8.2) | 0.004 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.54 | | Playing with children | 41 (0.9) | 21 (1.0) | 20 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.003 | 0.25 | 0.01 | 0.003 | | Caring for a pet | 12 (0.3) | 6 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 5 (0.6) | 0.1 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.09 | | Other or not specified | 1 (0.02) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0 | | | | | Socialization | 198 (4.4) | 78 (3.6) | 77 (5.3) | 43 (5.0) | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.79 | | Video calls with friends/family | 82 (1.8) | 39 (1.8) | 28 (1.9) | 15 (1.8) | 0.9 | | | | | Talking on the phone | 44 (1.0) | 11 (0.5) | 16 (1.1) | 17 (2.0) | 0.001 | 0.06 | <0.001 | 0.08 | | Spending time with family | 32 (0.7) | 12 (0.6) | 17 (1.2) | 3 (0.4) | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.58 | 0.06 | | Using social media | 23 (0.5) | 8 (0.4) | 12 (0.8) | 3 (0.4) | 0.2 | | | | | Other or not specified | 17 (0.4) | 8 (0.4) | 4 (0.3) | 5 (0.6) | 0.5 | | | |
| | Productivity | 1379 (30.6) | 657 (30.0) | 508 (34.9) | 214 (25.0) | <0.001 | 0.003 | 0.01 | <0.001 |
| | Household management | 1082 (24.0) | 500 (22.8) | 402 (27.6) | 180 (21.1) | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.29 | <0.001 | | Cooking | 488 (10.8) | 286 (13.1) | 164 (11.3) | 38 (4.4) | <0.001 | 0.11 | <0.001 | <0.001 | | Doing household chores | 338 (7.5) | 106 (4.8) | 127 (8.7) | 105 (12.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.006 | | Caring for children | 125 (2.8) | 56 (2.6) | 62 (4.3) | 7 (0.8) | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.003 | <0.001 | | DIY | 119 (2.6) | 46 (2.1) | 45 (3.1) | 28 (3.3) | 0.1 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.81 | | Buying groceries | 12 (0.3) | 6 (0.3) | 4 (0.3) | 2 (0.2) | 1.0 | | | | | Paid/unpaid work | 151 (3.4) | 65 (3.0) | 72 (5.0) | 14 (1.6) | <0.001 | 0.003 | 0.04 | <0.001 | | Paid work | 142 (3.2) | 63 (2.9) | 66 (4.5) | 13 (1.5) | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.03 | <0.001 | | Unpaid work | 8 (0.2) | 2 (0.1) | 5 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 0.2 | | | | | Play/school | 146 (3.2) | 92 (4.2) | 34 (2.3) | 20 (2.3) | 0.002 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 1 | | Learning a foreign language | 40 (0.9) | 21 (1.0) | 9 (0.6) | 10 (1.2) | 0.4 | | | | | Other or not specified | 106 (2.4) | 71 (3.2) | 25 (1.7) | 10 (1.2) | <0.001 | | | |
| | Self-care | 105 (2.3) | 69 (3.2) | 22 (1.5) | 14 (1.6) | 0.002 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.81 |
| | Personal care | 105 (2.3) | 69 (3.2) | 22 (1.5) | 14 (1.6) | 0.002 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.81 | | Resting | 55 (1.2) | 39 (1.8) | 10 (0.7) | 6 (0.7) | 0.004 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.97 | | Personal appearance | 24 (0.5) | 16 (0.7) | 6 (0.4) | 2 (0.2) | 0.2 | | | | | Feeding | 13 (0.3) | 8 (0.4) | 4 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 0.6 | | | | | Healthcare | 7 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.2) | 0.6 | | | | | Other or not specified | 2 (0.04) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0 | | | |
|
|
Pearson’s chi-squared test or Student’s -test. YAs = younger adults; MAs = middle-aged; OAs = older adults. |
