Efficacy and Safety of Hybrid Comprehensive Telerehabilitation (HCTR) for Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 1

Baseline characteristics included in 8 studies.

Author, year	Study design	Number of patients (control/intervention)	Follow-up (months)	Age () (control/intervention)	Male (%) (control/intervention)	Disease	Outcome(s)
Tsai et al., 2022 [17]	RCT	81 (41/40)	6	/	70.7/67.5	HF	6MWD, LVEF, readmission rates
Piotrowicz et al., 2020 [18]	RCT	850 (425/425)	12-24	62.2/62.6	88.5/88.7	HF	6MWD, readmission rates, mortality, VO2 peak, Qol
Bravo-Escobar et al., 2017 [19]	RCT	28 (14/14)	4-6	/	100/100	Coronary artery disease or a valvular intervention	Exercise capacity, risk profile, Qol
Snoek et al., 2021 [37]	RCT	179 (90/89)	6-12	/	84/72	Coronary artery disease or a valvular intervention	Mortality, VO2 peak
Frederix et a., 2015 [38]	RCT	140 (70/70)	6	/	79/96	Coronary artery disease or a valvular intervention	VO2 peak, HR
Smolis-Bak et al., 2015 [39]	RCT	52 (26/26)	12-18	/	84.6/96.1	HF	6MWD,mortality, readmission rates, VO2 peak
Peng et al., 2018 [40]	RCT	98 (49/49)	4-6	/	59.2/57.2	HF	6MWD, LVEF, Qol, HR
Piotrowicz et al., 2010 [41]	RCT	152 (77/75)	4-6	/	85/95	HF	6MWD, VO2 peak, Qol

HF = heart failure; RCT= randomized controlled trial; 6MWD = 6-minute walking test; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; VO₂ peak = peak oxygen uptake; HR = resting heart rate; Qol = quality of life.