Is Birth Method Associated with Sensory Hyperreactivity in Children 3-4 Years in an Upper-Middle-Income Country?
Table 1
Demographic characteristics of the mothers per birth method group ().
Variable
Vaginal birth group ()
Caesarean section group ()
Median (range)
Missing data No. (%)
Median (range)
Missing data No. (%)
Mann–Whitney
value
Maternal age
26.0 (17.0-43.0)
0 (0)
32.0 (17.0-44.0)
2 (6)
499.0
<0.001
No. (%)
No. (%)
Chi-square
df
value
Income level
11.49
2
0.003
Low
24 (41)
0 (0)
8 (24)
0 (0)
Middle
25 (43)
9 (27)
High
9 (16)
16 (48)
Marital status
0.037#
Widow
0 (0)
0 (0)
2 (6)
0 (0)
Single
21 (36)
7 (21)
Divorced
1 (2)
0 (0)
Co-habiting
12 (21)
3 (9)
Married
24 (41)
21 (64)
Education level
0 (0)
2 (6)
7.68
7
0.362
Grade 0-11
25 (43)
9 (27)
Grade 12 and technical
23 (40)
10 (30)
Tertiary
10 (17)
12 (36)
Stress1
0 (0)
0 (0)
1.000#
Yes
9 (16)
5 (15)
No
49 (84)
28 (85)
Illness
0 (0)
0 (0)
Yes
6 (10)
4 (12)
1.000#
No
52 (90)
29 (88)
Smoking
0(0)
0(0)
2.52
1
0.113
Yes
8 (14)
9 (27)
No
50 (86)
24 (73)
Alcohol
0(0)
0(0)
0.487#
Yes
5 (9)
5 (15)
No
53 (91)
28 (85)
Recreational drugs
0 (0)
0 (0)
1.000#
Yes
1 (2)
1 (13)
No
57 (98)
32 (97)
High blood pressure2
1
0.795
Yes
12 (21)
6 (18)
1 (3)
0.067
No
45 (78)
1 (2)
26 (79)
Statistically significant difference .#Fisher’s exact test, two-tailed. 1Stress measured through a single question to obtain the mother’s subjective opinion. 2High blood pressure: Yes = mother used medication during pregnancy for hypertension; No = mother did not use medication during pregnancy for hypertension.
