Is Birth Method Associated with Sensory Hyperreactivity in Children 3-4 Years in an Upper-Middle-Income Country?

Table 2

Demographic characteristics of the children per birth method group ().

Variable	VB group ()		CS group ()		Mann–Whitney		value
	Median (range)	Missing data	Median (range)	Missing data
Birth weight	3.4 (1.8-4.7)	11 (19)	3.2 (1.3-4.5)	4 (12)	596.0		0.366
Gestational age	40 (29-42)	3 (5)	39 (32-42)	4 (12)	472.5		0.001
Minutes to first contact	1 (1-38880)	3 (5)	1 (1-360)	4 (12)	765.5		0.765
Minutes to first breastfeed	1 (1-38880)	6 (10)	12 (1-360)	4 (12)	478.0		0.006
Age to first solids	6 (1-12)	7 (12)	6 (1-8)	2 (6)	758.5		0.761
Pressure^1 in months	12 (0-54)	4 (7)	18 (1-43)	6 (18)	645.5		0.405
	No. (%)		No. (%)		Chi-squared	df	value
Gender		0(0)		0(0)	0.29	1	0.590
Female	30 (52)		19 (58)
Male	28 (48)		14 (42)
Birth order		1 (2)		1 (3)			0.830^#
First	23 (40)		9 (27)
Second	18 (31)		13 (39)
Third	12 (21)		8 (24)
Fourth and fifth	4 (6)		2 (6)
Colic^2		0 (0)		0 (0)	0.16	1	0.693
Yes	12 (21)		8 (24)
No	46 (79)		25 (76)
Illness^3		0 (0)		0 (0)			0.133^#
Yes	3 (5)		5 (15)
No	55 (95)		28 (85)
Ear infections^3		0 (0)		1 (3)			0.780^#
Yes	11 (19)		5 (15)
No	47 (81)		27 (82)
Allergies^3		0 (0)		1 (3)			1.000^#
Yes	7 (12)		3 (9)
No	51 (88)		29 (88)
Eczema^3		0 (0)		0 (0)	1.01	1	0.314
Yes	16 (28)		6 (18)
No	42 (72)		27 (82)
Asthma^3		0 (0)		0 (0)			0.718^#
Yes	5 (9)		4 (12)
No	53 (91)		29 (88)
Injuries^3		0 (0)		0 (0)			0.129^#
Yes	0 (0)		2 (6)
No	58 (100)		31 (94)
Eating problems^2		0 (0)		0 (0)			0.349^#
Yes	2 (3)		3 (9)
No	56 (97)		30 (91)
Crying^2		0 (0)		0 (0)	0.51	1	0.474
Yes	12 (21)		9 (27)
No	46 (79)		24 (73)
Sleeping problems^2		0 (0)		0 (0)			0.003^#
Yes	12 (21)		9 (27)
No	46 (79)		24 (73)

Statistically significant difference . ^#Fisher’s exact test, two-tailed. ¹Pressure was defined as swaddling, being carried in a traditional manner on the caregiver’s back, or in a baby carrier or sling, and was estimated by the mother in months of the baby’s life that these methods were used. ²Colic, eating problems, crying and sleeping problems: measured through a question to obtain the mother’s subjective opinion. ³Illnesses, ear infections, allergies, eczema, asthma, and injuries: based on a medical diagnosis; Yes = this was in the child’s history as reported by caregiver; No = this was not in the child’s history as reported by caregiver.