Development and External Validation of a Nomogram Predicting the Probability of Significant Gleason Sum Upgrading among Japanese Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer

Table 1

Descriptive characteristics of subgroups according to institutions.

Variable		Chiba Cancer Center	Chiba University
𝑛		508	258
Age (years)	Mean	66.902	65.054
	SD	4.975	5.253
	Median	67	65
	Min	52	49
	Max	78	76
PSA (ng/mL)	Mean	13.977	11.616
	SD	12.194	9.732
	Median	9.755	8.420
	Min	2.588	2.450
	Max	79.710	72.000
Clinical stage (%)	T1c	169 (33.3)	180 (69.8)
	T2a	172 (33.9)	32 (12.4)
	T2b	89 (17.5)	15 (5.8)
	T2c	12 (2.4)	16 (6.2)
	T3	66 (13.0)	15 (5.8)
Biopsy Gleason primary (%)	≤3	318 (62.6)	172 (66.7)
	4	167 (32.9)	80 (31.0)
	5	23 (4.5)	6(2.3)
Biopsy Gleason secondary (%)	≤3	197 (38.8)	128 (49.6)
	4	227 (44.7)	112 (43.4)
	5	84 (16.5)	18 (7.0)
Biopsy Gleason sum (%)	≤6	123 (24.2)	91 (35.3)
	7	248 (48.8)	116 (45.0)
	8	58 (11.4)	31 (12.0)
	9	74 (14.6)	18 (7.0)
	10	5 (1.0)	2 (0.8)
Pathological Gleason primary (%)	≤3	327 (64.4)	151 (58.5)
	4	155 (30.5)	104 (40.3)
	5	26 (5.1)	3 (1.2)
Pathological Gleason secondary (%)	≤3	209 (41.1)	114 (44.2)
	4	241 (47.4)	119 (46.1)
	5	58 (11.4)	25 (9.7)
Pathological Gleason sum (%)	≤6	93 (18.3)	44 (17.1)
	7	332 (65.4)	176 (68.2)
	8	21 (4.1)	11 (4.3)
	9	60 (11.8)	27 (10.5)
	10	2 (0.4)	0 (0.0)
Significant upgrading Gleason sum (%)		92 (18.1)	64 (24.8)