Prostate Cancer: Epigenetic Alterations, Risk Factors, and Therapy

Figure 3

Epigenetic mechanisms and therapy in advanced prostate cancer. Prostate cancer follows aberrant epigenetic alterations that are associated with perturbed cellular processes that are critical in tumorigenesis. In normal cell, CpG islands are protected from DNA methylation and deacetylation whereas a prostate cancer cell is characterised by tumour growth, differentiation, resistance, and metastasis resulting from aberrant DNA methylation and deacetylation. AR: androgen receptor; BET: bromodomain and extraterminal; CpG: cytosine-phosphate-guanine island; DNMTs: DNA methyltransferases; DOT1L: DOT1-like histone H3K79 methyltransferase; EZH2: enhancer of zeste 1; HDACs: histone deacetylases; DNMTs: DNA methyltransferase inhibitors; HDACs: histone deacetylase inhibitors.