Lipid-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease

Table 1

Levels of mediators, proteins, and factors, which facilitate and maintain oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in PD.

(a)

(A) Lipid mediator	Effect	Reference
Prostaglandins	Increased	[10]
Lipid peroxidation	Increased	[10]
4-Hydroxynonenal	Increased	[10]
Hydroxycholesterol	Increased	[32]
8-OHdGua	Increased	[32]
PINK	Increased	[33]
Aggregated α-synuclein	Increased	[34]
NF-κB activity	Increased	[35]
Oxidative stress	Increased	[12]
Neuroinflammation	Increased	[12]
Neurodegeneration	Increased	[12]

(b)

(B) Factors
TNF-α	Increased	[36]
IL-1β	Increased	[36]
IL-4	Increased	[37]
IL-6	Increased	[37]
Epidermal growth factor	Increased	[36, 37]
Transforming growth factor	Increased	[36, 37]
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Decreased	[38]
Nerve growth factor	Decreased	[38]