Therapeutic Effects of Hydrogen in Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease
Figure 2
The effects of hydrogen in oxidative stress-derived neural apoptosis in dopaminergic cells. Hydrogen (H2) selectively reduces hydroxyl radical (•OH) by direct reaction, and decreased oxidative damage such as mitochondrial/nuclear 8-oxoG (mt8oxoG/nu8oxoG) accumulation, and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) production in dopaminergic neurons. Each oxidative damage is involved in different neuronal apoptosis. Abbreviation; MPP+: 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion, DAT: dopamine transporter, ROS: reactive oxygen species, ATP: adenosine 5′-triphosphate, •OH: hydroxyl radical, •O2−: superoxide, 4-HNE: 4-hydroxynonenal.
