Predictors of Gait Speeds and the Relationship of Gait Speeds to Falls in Men and Women with Parkinson Disease

Table 2

Participant demographics and experimental variables.

Characteristic (scale)	Total	Males	Females	𝑃 (M versus F)
Sex, 𝑁	78	45	33	—
Age, yr	68.18±9.35 (45, 88)	67.84±8.84 (48, 88)	68.63±10.12 (45, 85)	0.714
Disease duration, yr	8.50±4.88 (0, 25)	8.82±5.33 (0, 25)	8.06±4.22 (1, 20)	0.499
Fallers, 𝑁 (% total)	25 (32%)	16 (36%)	9 (27%)	0.439^d
MDS-UPDRS (0–260)	72.96±24.99 (25, 135)	74.78±26.71 (26, 131)	70.48±22.60 (25, 135)	0.457
MDS-UPDRS-III (0–132)	41.52±14.77 (9, 83)	43.02±14.30 (17, 70)	39.48±15.37 (9, 83)	0.299
H&Y^a (0–5)	2.50 (0.63)	2.50 (0.5)	2.50 (1.0)	0.473^c
FOGQ (0–24)	6.97±5.85 (0, 20)	6.78±5.82 (0, 20)	7.24±5.97 (0, 19)	0.731
GDS (0–30)	8.47±6.28 (0, 24)	8.87±6.42 (0, 24)	7.93±6.15 (0, 24)	0.523
PDQ-39 (0–100)	22.83±13.72 (0.52, 63.13)	22.05±15.00 (0.52, 66.13)	23.91±11.90 (2.86, 51.77)	0.558
FGA (0–30)	18.41±7.10 (0, 29)	19.29±6.99 (4, 29)	17.21±7.20 (0, 29)	0.204
ABC (0–100)	68.27±25.01 (16, 100)	72.51±23.87 (17, 100)	62.48±25.73 (16, 100)	0.08
BEL (0–25)	8.19±2.96 (5, 16)	8.22±3.14 (5, 16)	8.15±2.74 (5, 15)	0.838^c
CONF (0–40)	28.21±8.66 (8, 40)	29.71±7.90 (8, 40)	26.18±9.35 (9, 40)	0.08^c
EFFIC (0–10)	5.48±2.26 (0.33, 9.44)	5.62±2.38 (0.78, 9.44)	5.30±2.12 (0.33, 8.89)	0.536
SELF, m/s	1.10±0.29 (0.37, 1.66)	1.15±0.29 (0.49, 1.67)	1.04±0.29 (0.37, 1.44)	0.822^b
FAST, m/s	1.53±0.47 (0.54, 2.80)	1.66±0.49 (0.67, 2.80)	1.36±0.40 (0.54, 2.18)	0.104^b
DIFF, m/s	0.43±0.26 (−0.05, 1.27)	0.51±0.28 (0.04, 1.27)	0.32±0.18 (−0.05, 0.74)	0.008 ^b

aData presented as median (IQR).
^b𝑃 values represent differences in normalized gait speed.
^cMann-Whitney 𝑈 test; ^dChi-square test.
All other data presented as mean ± SD (Min, Max).
Gender differences were determined by independent samples 𝑡-test unless otherwise noted.
MDS-UPDRS: Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale; H&Y: Hoehn and Yahr stage; FOGQ: Freezing of Gait Questionnaire; GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale; PDQ-30: Parkinson Disease Questionnaire-39; FGA: Functional Gait Assessment; ABC: Activities and Balance Confidence Scale; BEL: Beliefs about control over one's exercise behavior; CONF: confidence about maintaining an exercise program; EFFIC: self-efficacy exercise scale; SELF: self-selected gait speed; FAST: fast-as-possible gait speed; DIFF: difference between FAST and SELF.