Research Article
Progression of Voice and Speech Impairment in the Course of Parkinson's Disease: A Longitudinal Study
Table 1
Participants’ characteristics and results.
| | PD group (; 48 male) | Control group (; 30 male) | | | | | | | | | | | versus | | | versus | | Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | | Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | |
| Age | 66.28 | 8.11 | | | | 66.87 | 7.10 | | | | Disease duration (months) | 73.10 | 55.54 | 105.63 | 57.15 | | | | | | | (months) | | | 32.53 | 19.53 | | | | 25.39 | 7.08 | | Hoehn& | 2.16 | 0.58 | | | | | | | | | UPDRS III | 20.16 | 10.96 | 19.58 | 8.29 | n.s. | | | | | | UPDRS speech | 1.00 | 0.68 | 1.39 | 0.86 | | | | | | |
| Perceptual rating | | | | | versus | C | | | | | | Intelligibility score | 0.41 | 0.57 | 0.96 | 0.92 | | 0.72 | 0.08 | 0.28 | 0.13 | 0.34 | n.s. | Perceptual score | 2.59 | 1.82 | 4.06 | 2.33 | | 0.71 | 0.60 | 0.79 | 0.70 | 0.77 | n.s. | Voice | 0.86 | 0.67 | 1.36 | 0.70 | | 0.73 | 0.30 | 0.46 | 0.38 | 0.49 | n.s. | Articulation | 0.38 | 0.54 | 0.71 | 0.87 | | 0.46 | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.13 | 0.34 | n.s. | Fluency | 0.63 | 0.64 | 0.96 | 0.95 | | 0.41 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.18 | n.s. | Prosody | 0.73 | 0.64 | 1.01 | 0.57 | | 0.46 | 0.22 | 0.42 | 0.15 | 0.36 | n.s. |
| Acoustic analysis | | | | | versus | C | | | | | | Jitter | 1.263 | 1.038 | 1.358 | 0.956 | n.s. | — | 1.186 | 0.777 | 1.205 | 0.893 | n.s. | Shimmer | 6.548 | 3.914 | 11.490 | 7.024 | | 0.87 | 5.222 | 2.114 | 5.209 | 2.763 | n.s. | nh_ratio | 0.051 | 0.062 | 0.103 | 0.105 | | 0.61 | 0.038 | 0.029 | 0.041 | 0.031 | n.s. | Mean —male | 133.33 | 24.20 | 131.14 | 23.88 | n.s. | — | 124.31 | 12.71 | 123.58 | 13.04 | n.s. | Mean —female | 186.34 | 25.04 | 183.93 | 31.22 | n.s. | — | 186.29 | 15.19 | 188.62 | 17.21 | n.s. | SD—male | 16.90 | 5.24 | 15.94 | 5.93 | n.s. | — | 19.27 | 6.40 | 19.02 | 6.59 | n.s. | SD—female | 23.00 | 6.55 | 22.21 | 0.30 | n.s. | — | 34.11 | 8.06 | 33.91 | 8.55 | n.s. | NSR | 5.36 | 0.75 | 5.19 | 0.68 | | 0.24 | 5.18 | 0.48 | 5.16 | 0.50 | n.s. | PR% | 14.65 | 5.35 | 15.30 | 7.05 | n.s. | — | 17.19 | 4.38 | 17.84 | 4.33 | n.s. | Pinw% | 21.24 | 11.15 | 18.46 | 10.55 | | 0.26 | 29.96 | 9.98 | 28.62 | 10.21 | n.s. | VAI—male | 0.740 | 0.081 | 0.677 | 0.069 | | 0.84 | 0.767 | 0.058 | 0.759 | 0.063 | n.s. | VAI—female | 0.837 | 0.066 | 0.792 | 0.052 | | 0.76 | 0.874 | 0.062 | 0.861 | 0.069 | n.s. |
|
|
n.s.: not significant; S.D.: standard deviation; C : Cohen’s /effect size. versus : comparison between baseline and follow-up/paired -test.
|