Recurrent Falls in People with Parkinson’s Disease without Cognitive Impairment: Focusing on Modifiable Risk Factors

Table 1

Demographic, disease-specific characteristics and balance-related measures of the sample and comparison between recurrent fallers and nonfallers.

Characteristics	Recurrent fallers ()	Nonfallers ()	value
	Median (min–max)	Median (min–max)
Age (years)	71 (61; 85)	70 (55; 94)	0.355^*
Disease duration (years)	8.5 (1; 31)	4 (1; 20)	<0.001^*
LED (mg)	775 (300; 1500)	500 (300; 1621.9)	<0.001^*
Modified Hoehn and Yahr	3 (2; 4)	2.5 (1; 4)	<0.001^*
UPDRS ADL	19 (2; 29)	9 (0; 24)	<0.001^*
UPDRS Motor	43 (13; 65)	25.5 (7; 59)	<0.001^*
Schwab and England (%)	70 (40; 100)	90 (40; 100)	<0.001^*
PDQ-8	42.2 (0; 93.7)	25 (0; 78.1)	<0.001^*
FES-I	40 (23; 62)	27 (16; 59)	<0.001^*
ABC (%)	37.2 (1.9; 81.9)	63.1 (16.2; 100)	<0.001^*
BBS	42 (27; 54)	52 (37; 56)	<0.001^*
DGI	16 (8; 22)	21 (10; 24)	<0.001^*
FRT (centimeters)	14.5 (7; 32)	20.5 (6; 34)	<0.001^*
TUG (seconds)	20.2 (7.9; 149.5)	14.2 (7.0; 36.4)	<0.001^*

Mann-Whitney test.
LED: levodopa equivalent dose; UPDRS: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; ADL: activities of daily living; PDQ-8: eight-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire; FES-I: Falls Efficacy Scale-International; ABC: Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale; BBS: Berg Balance Scale; DGI: Dynamic Gait Index; TUG: Timed Up and Go Test; FRT: Functional Reach Test.