Pisa Syndrome in Parkinson’s Disease: Electromyographic Aspects and Implications for Rehabilitation

Table 2

Summary of muscle activation data during MVMC.

	Subinterferential; pattern opposite to; bending side	Subinterferential; pattern in the direction; of bending side	Asymmetrical; activation
EO	47 (78%)	16 (27%)	40 (67%)
RA	20 (33%)	17 (28%)	16 (27%)
QL	34 (58%)	25 (43%)	19 (32%)
PSp	20 (33%)	19 (33%)	14 (23%)

MVMC: maximal voluntary muscle contraction; EO: external oblique muscle; RA: rectus abdominis muscle; QL: quadratus lumborum muscle; PSp: paraspinal muscles.