Identification of Changing Lower Limb Neuromuscular Activation in Parkinson’s Disease during Treadmill Gait with and without Levodopa Using a Nonlinear Analysis Index

Figure 3

Reflective markers were placed on the hip, knee, ankle, heel, and toe (modified) to calculate the heel contact. In addition, EMG sensors were located on the right rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, lateral gastrocnemius, soleus, vastus medialis, and biceps femoris, and two workout wraps were used to stabilize the EMG sensors during faster gait speed. The subjects were instructed to hold the safety bar installed on the treadmill to avoid excessive anterior-posterior movements.